National Geographic Society, non-profit scientific and educational organization, established in 1888 for the purpose of increasing and diffusing geographical knowledge. The society sponsors research projects and expeditions, particularly in the areas of archaeology, biology, and geography. Noteworthy studies and expeditions sponsored by the society include those of British palaeoanthropologist Louis Leakey on early humans and human-like creatures in east Africa, and those of French marine explorer Jacques Cousteau on aquatic life. The society has organized and funded a network of geographic alliances across the United States aimed at improving and expanding geography education in the classroom.

The society publishes National Geographic (edited from 1903 to 1954 by Gilbert H. Grosvenor), a monthly journal for society members, as well as other magazines, books, and maps. The society also produces classroom and television programmes, and educational games; and offers educational trips to its members. The society's headquarters is in Washington, D.C.

Reviewed by: National Geographic Society