I.

Introduction

Black Sea (ancient Pontus Euxinus), inland sea, lying between south-eastern Europe and Asia Minor. It is connected with the Mediterranean (in the Aegean Sea) by the Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles. Romania, Bulgaria, and the European portion of Turkey bound it on the west. The northern and eastern shores are bordered by Ukraine, Russia, and Georgia; the entire southern shore is Turkish territory.