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Helmuth Moltke (1848-1916), German military commander, born in Gersdorf, near Chemnitz. In 1906 he became chief of the German general staff, and he directed the invasion of France following the outbreak of World War I. After a German defeat in 1914 at the First Battle of the Marne, Moltke was relieved of his command and succeeded by General Erich von Falkenhayn.