Turkey: Facts and Figures - Facts and Figures

Official name

Republic of Turkey

Capital

Ankara

Area

779,452 sq km

300,948 sq mi

Largest cities (population)

İstanbul

9,451,000 (2000)

Ankara

3,023,000 (2000)

İzmir

2,409,000 (2000)

Bursa

1,304,000 (2000)

Adana

1,294,000 (2000)

Gaziantep

930,000 (2000)

Konya

742,690 (2000)

Antalya

603,190 (2000)

Diyarbakır

545,983 (2000)

Mersin

537,843 (2000)

Kayseri

536,392 (2000)

Eskişehir

482,793 (2000)

Şanlıurfa

385,588 (2000)

Malatya

381,081 (2000)

Samsun

363,180 (2000)

Erzurum

361,235 (2000)

Kahramanmaraş

326,198 (2000)

Elâzığ

266,495 (2000)

Sivas

251,776 (2000)

İzmit

210,068 (1997 estimate)

Population

71,158,647 (2007 estimate)

Population growth rate

1.04 per cent (2007 estimate)

Population density

92 persons per sq km (2007 estimate)

239 persons per sq mi (2007 estimate)

Urbanization

Per cent urban

67 per cent (2005 estimate)

Per cent rural

33 per cent (2005 estimate)

Life expectancy

Total

72.9 years (2007 estimate)

Female

75.5 years (2007 estimate)

Male

70.4 years (2007 estimate)

Infant mortality rate

38 deaths per 1,000 live births (2007 estimate)

Literacy rate

Total

87.6 per cent (2005 estimate)

Female

80.1 per cent (2005 estimate)

Male

94.9 per cent (2005 estimate)

Ethnic divisions

Turkish

80 per cent

Kurdish

17 per cent

Other

3 per cent

Languages

Turkish (official), Northern Kurdish, Dimli, Kabardian, South Azerbaijani, Western Farsi (Persian), North Levantine Spoken Arabic, North Mesopotamian Spoken Arabic, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Bulgarian, Adyghe, other indigenous languages

Religions

Muslim (mostly Sunni), Christian, Jewish

Type of government

Presidential republic

Independence

October 29, 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)

Constitution

November 7, 1982; amended 1987, 1995, 2001, 2004

Voting rights

Universal at age 21

Gross domestic product (GDP) (US$)

362,502 million (2005)

GDP per capita (US$)

5,030.20 (2005)

GDP by economic sector

GDP, agriculture

11.9 per cent (2005)

GDP, industry

23.7 per cent (2005)

GDP, services

64.5 per cent (2005)

National budget (US$)

Total revenue

42,357 million (2001)

Total expenditure

72,131 million (2001)

Monetary unit

1 Turkish lira (TL), consisting of 100 kurus

Exports

Textiles, metals, tobacco, leather, cement, olive oil, wheat, dried fruits, nuts, fuels, chemicals, iron and steel products

Imports

Liquid fuels, machinery, iron and steel, transport equipment, chemicals, electrical and electronic equipment, plastics, rubber

Major trading partners for exports

Germany, United States, Russia, United Kingdom, Italy

Major trading partners for imports

Germany, Italy, United States, France, United Kingdom

Industries

Textiles, food processing, mining, steel, petroleum, construction, timber, paper

Agriculture

Principal crops: wheat, tobacco, cotton, olives, sugar beet, pulses, citrus fruits, nuts, barley, oilseeds, tea, vegetables, rice; livestock products: sheep, goats, cattle, poultry, dairy, eggs, meat, honey, hides

Natural resources

Antimony, coal, petroleum, natural gas, bauxite, manganese, chromium, mercury, copper, borate, sulphur, iron ore

Basic Facts and People sections

Area data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Population, population growth rate, and population projections are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International Data Base (IDB) (www.census.gov). Urban and rural population data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN), FAOSTAT database (www.fao.org). Largest cities population data and political divisions data are from the statistical bureaus of individual countries. Ethnic divisions and religion data are largely from the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook and from various country censuses and reports. Language data are largely from the Ethnologue, Languages of the World, Summer Institute of Linguistics International (www.sil.org).

Health and Education section

Life expectancy and infant mortality data are from the United States Census Bureau, International Programs Center, International database (IDB) (www.census.gov). Population per physician and population per hospital bed data are from the World Health Organization (WHO) (www.who.int). Education data are from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org).

Government section

Government, independence, legislature, constitution, highest court, and voting qualifications data are largely from various government Web sites, the latest Europa World Yearbook, and the latest Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) World Factbook. The armed forces data are from Military Balance.

Economy section

Gross domestic product (GDP), GDP per capita, GDP by economic sectors, employment, and national budget data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org). Monetary unit, agriculture, mining, manufacturing, exports, imports, and major trade partner information is from the latest Europa World Yearbook and various International Monetary Fund (IMF) publications.

Energy, Communication, and Transportation section

Electricity information is from the Energy Information Administration (EIA) database (www.eia.doe.gov). Radio, telephone, television, and newspaper information is from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) database (www.unesco.org). Internet hosts, motor vehicles, and road data are from the World Bank database (www.worldbank.org).

Note

Figures may not total 100 per cent due to rounding.