Dordogne

Dordogne, department, Aquitaine, south-western France, which covers an area of 9,060 sq km (3,500 sq mi). The department is largely made up of limestone plateaux crossed by the Dordogne and six other rivers. Dordogne has a temperate climate, though summers are hot and dry. The higher lands are often covered by forests of oak and chestnut. Picturesque river valleys support a rich variety of local agricultural produce. Particularly famous are Périgord truffles, highly prized subterranean fungi, and a particular gastronomic delight in France. Foie-gras (prepared goose liver) is another sought-after local speciality. Walnuts are one of the main agricultural products of Dordogne and the department is the chief French producer of strawberries and tobacco. Cave paintings and engravings at Lascaux and Les Eyzies-de-Tayac bear witness to a history of human habitation in the region dating back to prehistoric times. The department's medieval heritage is especially well represented with the medieval towns of Sarlat and Brantôme being among the most beautiful in France. Dordogne also boasts the greatest number of castles and chateaux, close to 1,000, of all the French departments. A large number date from the 13th and 14th centuries, reminders of the Anglo-French struggles when the Dordogne was the frontier region in the wars between England and France. Others, however, date from the Renaissance. The capital of the department, Périgueux, reflects the region's long and diverse history, with an architectural heritage ranging from Roman ruins to Renaissance buildings lining cobbled streets. The 20th century in the Dordogne has been characterized by a continual rural exodus with many of the depopulated regions now being dependent upon agriculture and tourism. Nevertheless, a number of light industries such as wood, paper, and shoes continue to exist in the towns of the department. Population (1982) 377, 356.