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Cassiterite

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Cassiterite, also tinstone, mineral consisting of tin dioxide (SnO2). It forms crystals in the tetragonal system and has a hardness of 6 to 7 on the Mohs scale and a relative density of 7. Usually dark brown to black, it has a dull adamantine lustre. Cassiterite is the only commercially important ore of tin. It has been mined in Cornwall, England, since ancient times (and traded then to Phoenicians and Romans), but the principal sources today are Bolivia, the Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, Nigeria, and the Republic of Congo.

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