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Article Outline

Introduction; Physical Geography; Population; Economy; History

History

First inhabited by the Iberians, the islands were later occupied successively by the Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, and Byzantines. In the 8th century the islands were conquered by the Moors and became a base for pirates preying on the ships in the Mediterranean (see Barbary Coast). James I, king of Aragón, expelled the Moors in 1229. During the Spanish Civil War Majorca and Ibiza sided with the Nationalists and Minorca the Republicans. The Balearic Islands became an autonomous region in 1983.