Black Forest

Black Forest (German, Schwarzwald), wooded mountain region in south-west Germany, in Baden-Württemberg. The region is about 160 km (100 mi) long, varies in width from about 23 km (14 mi) in the north to 61 km (38 mi) in the south, and occupies an area of about 5,180 sq km (2,000 sq mi). Its name refers to the dense stands of fir on the upper slopes. Below are extensive forests of oak and beech, and logging is a major element of the region's economy. According to a 1984 environmental study, almost half the trees of the Black Forest have been damaged by acid rain and car emissions. Maximum elevations, mainly in the southern region, include the Feldberg (1,493 m/4,898 ft) and the Herzogenhorn (1,415 m/4,642 ft). The highest peak in the north is the Hornisgrinde (1,164 m/3,819 ft). Near Breisach am Rhein is the volcanic mass of the Kaiserstuhl (557 m/1,827 ft). Numerous rivers, including the Danube and the Neckar, rise in the Black Forest. On its eastern slope are many lakes. Mineral springs abound, and the region is known for its health resorts such as Baden-Baden and Wildbad. With 22,950 km (14,260 mi) of long-distance paths, the Black Forest is a favourite spot for outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, riding, and cross-country skiing. The upland plains are suitable for farming and cattle raising. The region is noted for the manufacture of cuckoo clocks and wooden toys.