Genealogy

Genealogy, history of the descent of a family, often rendered in a tabular list (family tree) in the order of succession, with the earliest-known ancestor placed at the head, and later generations placed in lines of direct and collateral (indirect) descent. Genealogical tables are familiar from the Bible, especially the so-called Tree of Jesse (see Matthew 1:1-17).

The most practical use of genealogy is in the proving of wills, when knowledge of descent is necessary, especially if a dispute occurs, to ensure that property goes to the right person. Genealogy has also been used when a person's legitimacy is in question. One of the most practical modern uses of genealogy is in the medical field; doctors have, with considerable success, examined genealogical records for the origin and nature of unusual, hereditary diseases in present-day families.

The traditional method of those wishing to find out about their ancestors is to question parents and grandparents, for they are likely to possess written records, and their memories are often clear and accurate. From this start the researcher may visit libraries and record offices to seek documentary evidence from municipal and village records and from religious registers, which record weddings, christenings, and funerals.

In the West, the tradition of church records in particular has greatly facilitated the research of family trees and enabled genealogy to develop into something of a major hobby. The great surge in interest started in the 1930s, increased after World War II, and reached its height in the 1970s, especially after the publication of the fact-based novel Roots (1976) by Alex Haley, which showed that despite few extant records, it is possible with hard work and good luck to construct one's family history. Genealogical research is an important adjunct to the study of history.