Fiji

I

Introduction

Fiji, officially Republic of the Fiji Islands, archipelago and independent republic in the South Pacific Ocean, part of Melanesia. Lying about 1,800 km (1,100 mi) north of New Zealand it comprises more than 300 islands and islets, 100 of which are inhabited. Fiji has a total area of 18,376 sq km (7,095 sq mi). The capital and largest city is Suva.

II

Land and Resources

The largest and most important islands are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, which together comprise more than 85 per cent of the total land area. Other major islands include Taveuni, Kadavu (Kandavu), and Koro. These islands, together with the smaller islands of the Yasawa group on the west, and the Lau group on the east, as well as numerous coral reefs, surround the Koro Sea. Located to the north-west is the island of Rotuma. The largest islands are of volcanic origin and are mountainous. The highest peak is Mount Tomaniivi (1,323 m/4,341 ft) on Viti Levu. The mountainous terrain is incised by many rivers. Rich alluvial soil is found in the river deltas. The smaller islands and islets are composed of coral reef and limestone.

A

Climate

The climate is tropical, tempered by the south-eastern trade winds. The average annual temperature is 25° C (77° F). Annual rainfall is heavy in most areas and averages about 2,540 mm (100 in). The principal natural resources are the dense forests, producing both softwoods and hardwoods, and gold and manganese deposits.

III

Population

Fiji has a population of 944,720 (2009 estimate). Overall population density is about 52 per sq km (134 per sq mi). Average life expectancy is 68 years for men and 73 years for women. In 1996 Fijians comprised some 51 per cent of the total population and Indians about 44 per cent. Before the 1987 coup the ethnic Indian population, descended from contract workers brought over to operate the sugar estates, was in a majority (49 per cent). Since 1987 many have left Fiji.

Suva, the capital, chief port, and largest commercial centre, with a population of 75,225 (2007 estimate), is situated on the south-eastern coast of Viti Levu. Other communities include Lautoka, population 36,083 (1996), Lami, 8,601 (1986), and Nadi, 9,170 (1996). In 2005, 53 per cent of the population was classified as urban.